纵隔可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他炎症.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管上皮细胞A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管上皮细胞见于叉和膀胱之间，有时候位于叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅位于叉下。这些上皮细胞可发挥为完全无回波或很低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 由此可知11A，叉尿管上皮细胞，此上皮细胞已受病毒，内部含有相比之下回波的液体。B，叉尿管上皮细胞，紧张的上皮细胞前壁激发反射伪影。

..Endometriosis卵巢肾脏原发功能性Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有卵巢肾脏原发功能性是卵巢动手术后的仍然合并症，无特殊发挥，但可于以前动手术的瘢痕处见一连续功能性肿物，并有不稳定的的眼部和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 由此可知12 ，剖宫产脸部处卵巢肾脏原发功能性

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可起因于心脏病功能性痉挛后、痉挛或癫痫心脏病后，其根本原因有时候是抗凝治疗或黄疸哮喘。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，有时候不很大，其外观根据所处左边而定，在弓状终点站以上，血肿常是卵圆形，UA黄绿色上下路径，可于一侧碰到（由此可知13A）；在弓状终点站以下，由于腹白终点站缺如，可扩展到掠过中终点站，因此血肿发挥为分叶状，其最大间隔位于纵轴上。在新生儿面有血肿可见于叉上横向扩展到（由此可知13B、C）。术后高能量功能性毛细血管内心肌的病患可于面有动手术瘢痕附近碰到大的血肿（由此可知13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 由此可知13A，一中年妇女不稳定的痉挛后腹直肌鞘血肿，上标指示腹横筋膜。B，新生儿面有血肿。C，一新生儿叉冠状动脉附着处上面的面有血肿。UV，叉冠状动脉。D，一高能量功能性毛细血管内心肌的剖宫产术后病患疤痕处面有血肿。

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